Influence of cardiometabolic comorbidities on myocardial function, infarction, and cardioprotection: Role of cardiac redox signaling

The morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain high. Metabolic such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) steatohepatitis (NASH) well hypertension are the most common comorbidities in patients with CVD. These result increased myocardial oxidative stress, mainly activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, mitochondria downregulation antioxidant defense systems. Oxidative nitrosative stress play an important role ischemia/reperfusion injury may account for susceptibility myocardium to infarction dysfunction presence comorbidities. Thus, while early reperfusion represents favorable therapeutic strategy prevent injury, redox strategies provide additive benefits, especially heart failure. While harmful, controlled release reactive oxygen species is however cardioprotective signaling. In this review we summarize current data on effect major cardiometabolic DM, NAFLD/NASH cardiac homeostasis cardioprotection. We also discuss interventions that restore imbalance diseased these